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As a further explanation, this may show as matching a command AFR but that is because it’s adjusting things using some of same parameters to make it match the models. You have to have an external measured point to adjust the models to “tune” or to know that it’s running like it should.
If the fuel pressure is off a little, your fuel flow estimates will be wrong for example. Variation in injectors will cause it to be off. MAF is its own model that has variations within it.
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